Ho nka mehato e meraro ho kenya tlou ka sehatsetsing. Joale u ka kenya qubu ea lehlabathe khomphuteng joang?
Ha e le hantle, seo re buang ka sona mona hase lehlabathe le lebōpong la leoatle, empa lehlabathe le tala le sebelisetsoang ho etsa li-chips. "Lehlabathe la merafo ho etsa li-chips" le hloka mokhoa o rarahaneng.
Mohato oa 1: Fumana lisebelisoa tse tala
Hoa hlokahala ho khetha lehlabathe le loketseng e le thepa e tala. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea lehlabathe le tloaelehileng le eona ke silicon dioxide (SiO₂), empa tlhahiso ea chip e na le litlhoko tse phahameng haholo mabapi le bohloeki ba silicon dioxide. Ka hona, lehlabathe la quartz le nang le bohloeki bo phahameng le litšila tse fokolang hangata li khethoa.
Mohato oa 2: Phetoho ea thepa e tala
Ho ntša silicon e hloekileng haholo lehlabatheng, lehlabathe le tlameha ho tsoakoa le phofshoana ea magnesium, e futhumetseng ka mocheso o phahameng, 'me silicon dioxide e fokotsoe ho silicon e hloekileng ka karabelo ea phokotso ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka mor'a moo e hloekisoa ka mekhoa e meng ea lik'hemik'hale ho fumana silicon ea elektronike e nang le bohloeki bo fihlang ho 99.9999999%.
Ka mor'a moo, silicon ea boemo ba elektroniki e hloka ho etsoa silicon e le 'ngoe ea kristale ho netefatsa botšepehi ba sebopeho sa kristale ea processor. Sena se etsoa ka ho futhumatsa silicon e hloekileng ho boemo bo qhibilihisitsoeng, ho kenya kristale ea peō, ebe o potoloha butle-butle le ho e hula ho etsa cylindrical single crystal silicon ingot.
Qetellong, kristale e le 'ngoe ea silicon e sehoa ka liphaphatha tse tšesaane haholo ho sebelisoa saha ea terata ea daemane 'me liphaphatha lia belisoa ho netefatsa hore sebaka se boreleli ebile se se na sekoli.
Mohato oa 3: Mokhoa oa ho Etsa
Silicon ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-processor tsa khomphutha. Litsebi li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji e phahameng tse kang mechine ea photolithography ho pheta-pheta ho etsa photolithography le mehato ea etching ho etsa mekhahlelo ea lipotoloho le lisebelisoa holim'a liphaphatha tsa silicon, joalo ka "ho haha ntlo." Sephaphatha se seng le se seng sa silicon se ka amohela makholo kapa esita le likete tsa lichifi.
Joale lesela le romela liphaphatha tse feliloeng fekthering e seng e lokisoa, moo sakha ea daemane e khaolang liphaephe tsa silicon hore e be likhutlo tse likete tse lekanang le lenala, 'me e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona e le chip. Joale, mochine oa ho hlopha o khetha lichipisi tse tšoanelehang, ’me qetellong mochine o mong o li beha holim’a reel ebe o li romela setsing sa ho paka le ho hlahloba.
Mohato oa 4: Packaging ea ho qetela
Sebakeng sa ho paka le ho etsa liteko, litsebi tsa theknoloji li etsa liteko tsa ho qetela ho chip ka 'ngoe ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle le hore li se li loketse ho sebelisoa. Haeba li-chips li feta tekong, li kenngoa pakeng tsa teba ea mocheso le substrate ho etsa sephutheloana se feletseng. Sena se tšoana le ho beha "sutu e sireletsang" holim'a chip; sephutheloana sa ka ntle se sireletsa chip ho senya, ho chesa le ho silafala. Ka har'a komporo, sephutheloana sena se theha khokahano ea motlakase lipakeng tsa chip le boto ea potoloho.
Joalo feela, mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa chip tse tsamaisang lefats'e la theknoloji e felile!
INTEL LE MOHAPI
Kajeno, phetoho ea thepa e tala hore e be lintho tse molemo kapa tsa bohlokoa haholo ka tlhahiso ke mokhanni oa bohlokoa oa moruo oa lefatše. Ho hlahisa thepa e ngata ka thepa e fokolang kapa lihora tse fokolang tsa batho le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi ho ka eketsa boleng ba sehlahisoa. Ha lik'hamphani li hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ngata ka lebelo le potlakileng, phaello ho pholletsa le ketane ea khoebo ea eketseha.
Tlhahiso e bohareng ba Intel.
Intel e etsa li-chips tsa semiconductor, li-graph chipsets, li-chipsets tsa motherboard le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa khomphutha. Ha tlhahiso ea semiconductor e ntse e rarahana le ho feta, Intel ke e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse' maloa lefatšeng tse ka khonang ho phethela moralo o tsoetseng pele le oa ho etsa ka tlung.
Ho tloha ka 1968, baenjiniere ba Intel le bo-ramahlale ba hlotse liphephetso tsa 'mele tsa ho paka li-transistors tse ngata ho li-chips tse nyane le tse nyane. Ho fihlela sepheo sena ho hloka sehlopha se seholo sa lefats'e, meralo ea motheo ea feme e tsoetseng pele, le tsamaiso e matla ea phepelo ea lintho tse phelang ho eona.
Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea semiconductor ea Intel e fetoha lilemo tse seng kae tse seng kae. Joalokaha ho boletsoe esale pele ke Molao oa Moore, moloko o mong le o mong oa lihlahisoa o tlisa likarolo tse ngata le ts'ebetso e phahameng, o ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea matla, 'me o fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa transistor e le' ngoe. Intel e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhahiso ea li-wafer le liphutheloana lefatšeng ka bophara, tse sebetsang marang-rang a lefatše a feto-fetohang haholo.
HO HLAHISA LE BOPHELO BA LETSATSI
Ho etsa tlhahiso ho bohlokoa bophelong ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Lintho tseo re li amang, re itšetlehileng ka tsona, re li thabelang le ho li sebelisa letsatsi le leng le le leng li hloka tlhahiso.
Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, ntle le ho fetola thepa e tala hore e be lintho tse rarahaneng haholoanyane, ho ne ho ke ke ha e-ba le lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, likoloi le lihlahisoa tse ling tse etsang hore bophelo bo atlehe haholoanyane, bo sireletsehe le hore bo be bonolo haholoanyane.
Nako ea poso: Feb-03-2025